JOHN CHRISTIE (69) died in Edinburgh on March 27. He was in the Tanganyika administrative service in Same, Lindi and Dar es Salaam from 1953 to 1959 (Thank you Brian Harris for this information -Editor)

PATRICK C DUFF CMG died in his sleep in Winchester on March 30 after a short illness. He had been in the administrative service m Tanganyika for many years and was a frequent contributor to TA.

During a long career in all three countries of East Africa DAVID HINES (83) strove to encourage subsistence farmers to develop cash crop farming. From 1947 to 1959 he helped to develop the rapidly growing agricultural cooperative movement before moving to Uganda to become Commissioner of Cooperatives (Thank you Ron Fennell for this -Editor).

DR. BARBRO JOHANSSEN (87) described in the Sunday Observer as educator, politician, emancipator, diplomat and tireless fighter for women’s liberation died in Sweden on December 12. She was the headmistress of girls secondary schools in Tabora and Kashasha in Bukoba many years ago; she became a Tanzanian citizen and was a Tanzanian MP for 11 years. She was an important instrument in setting up close relations between Tanzania and the Nordic countries when she was posted as Counselor at the Tanzanian embassy in Stockholm in 1970. She served on both university councils and was a force behind the 1971 Marriage Act which granted Tanzanian women full legal status.

PAT LEWIS MM who died on February 5 served as an agricultural Field Officer from 1948 to 1962 in Tanga, Moshi, Malya, Songea and Lindi (Thank you Bill Dodd for sending this information -Editor)

Former cabinet minister JOHN MHAVILLE (69) who died on March 16 was also a former Secretary General of TANU, and of the Cooperative Union of Tanganyika and recently a board member of the Tanzania Tea Board.

SISTER STELLA (101) died on February 2 having spent much of her life in Tanzania with the Community of the Sacred Passion serving the religious and social needs of the local population, for some time with Bishop Trevor Huddleston at Masasi and latterly in Dar es Salaam. She completed seventy years of service on January 1 last -John Budge.

Zanzibar’s fourth president, IDRIS ABDUL WAKIL (74) died of a heart attack on March 15 after a long illness. During a long life of public service President Wakil was Speaker of the Zanzibar House of Representatives for five years, occupied several cabinet posts in both the Zanzibar and Union governments, was Tanzanian ambassador in West Germany, the Netherlands, Guinea and China before becoming President of Zanzibar for five years from 1985. He was given a state funeral at his Makunduchi village which was attended by President Mkapa, many other leaders and thousands of mourners. In its obituary the Guardian said that President Wakil had been one of the architects of Zanzibar’s independence, was the only intellectual to join the African Association in the early days and then, in 1956, he joined the Afro-Shirazi Party. He clashed with his father who was a member of the Zanzibar Nationalist party.

ROBERT (BOB) ALLEN ASHDOWN (72), an architect, who served the Anglican Diocese of S.W. Tanganyika 1963-64, died on July
24. He had worked in Comworks and for a time was Acting Chief Architect. In 1971 he designed the monument to commemorate 10 years of independence which stands in the Mnazi Mmoja area of Dar es Salaam. He returned to the UK in 1971 -Canon Paul R Hardy.

SIR VIVIAN FUCHS (91) the geologist/explorer who has just died was with Dr Louis Leakey in 1931 during his famous research into the origins of man in the Olduvai Gorge. In 1934 Fuchs carried out a geological survey of the Njorowa Gorge before moving to Kenya to carry out the first scientific survey of Lake Rudolph.

BRIAN HODGSON CMG (83) who died on October 2 served in the administration in Tanganyika/Tanzania from 1939 to 1962. He was Secretary of the Legislative Council in 1945. As DC Musoma in 1952 he was involved in the chieftainship dispute in Zanaki which occurred between Chief Ihunyo Monge a traditionalist and famed rain maker and a group (including the late Edward Wanzage, the half brother of Julius Nyerere), who wanted to move the Zanaki chiefdom ahead in terms of education and development. On the day that Mwalimu came home to Musoma from his degree course in Edinburgh, there was a serious riot between the parties in Zanaki during which the police fired shots in the air and there followed a rain of spears from Ihunyo supporters. Brian Hodgson grabbed Edward Wanzagi out of the melee and contributed to saving his life. They remained in close contact for many years afterwards. From 1958 to 1962 Hodgson served as Director of Establishments in Dar es Salaam. On his return to Britain he was employed by the Red Cross (as Director General from 1970-75) and was awarded its highest decoration ­ the Henry Dounant award.

CHARLES INNES (KIM) MEEK CMG (79) played a crucial role in Tanganyika’s smooth progress to self-government. He acted as Julius Nyerere’s Permanent Secretary and Secretary to the Cabinet in the run-up to independence in 1961. Afterwards he became, for one year, the first post-colonial head of the country’s Civil Service. Together with Governor Richard Turnbull and Mwalimu Nyerere they crafted the new constitution preparatory to the Lancaster House conference in 1960 which paved the way for independence. Nyerere would often drop in on the Meek household after supper to discuss progress. Before this Meek spent had some 15 years in administration in the then Northern Province. After leaving Tanganyika he became Chief Executive of the British White Fish Authority (Thank you Christine Lawrence and Randal Sadleir for sending the obituary in The Times from which this has been taken -Editor).

LT. COL. PETER MOLLOY OBE. MC (85) who died on August 24 became in 1954 the first Director of National Parks in Tanganyika and established new parks at Lake Manyara and on the eastern side of Mount Meru.

ZUBERI MTEMVU, the veteran opposition politician, died on September 20. He was leader of the African National Congress (ANC) party in Tanganyika and stood against Julius Nyerere in the presidential election in 1962.

AMBASSADOR AMON NSEKELA (69) died on September 21 following a stroke. He had been Permanent Secretary in four ministries, and was the first chairman and Managing Director of the National Bank of Commerce for many years from 1967. He was also first Chairman of the Council of the University of Dar es Salaam, the National Insurance Corporation, the Institute of Finance Management, TANESCO, the National Development Corporation and the National Development Fund. He was Permanent Secretary in four ministries. He was also High Commissioner for Tanzania in London from 1974 to 1981. He wrote the Nsekela Report on ‘Salaries in the Civil Service’ and several other publications including ‘Minara (Pillars) ya Historia ya Tanzania’, ‘Tanganyika hadi (till) Tanzania’, ‘Demokrasi Tanzania’, and ‘Tumetoka Mbali’ (We have come from far). Amon Nsekela was instrumental in the founding of the Britain-Tanzania Society.

PROF. GERALD WEBBE (70) a world authority on schistosomiasis (bilharzia) who died recently did much of his earliest research at the East African Institute of Medical Research in Mwanza. He was the biologist and assistant director there from 1958. His studies on the epidemiology of transmission of the disease in Sukumaland helped to lay the foundations for a number of WHO control projects.

PROF FERGUS WILSON CBE (91) started his career as an agricultural officer in Zanzibar in the fifties and was awarded an MBE for his work in helping the people of Zanzibar to become self supporting and avoid starvation during the Second World War following the cessation of rice imports from Burma. In 1952 he became Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture at Makerere which trained many of the graduates who later took top jobs in the Tanzanian government.

DOROTHY BARLOW (88) died on February 16. She had come to Tanzania in ca. 1950, and after the untimely death of her husband William (PWD) in 1959, stayed on in Dar working for TDFL and other companies. She became a Tanzanian citizen in ca. 1970. Her voluntary activities included the St. Albans Church choir, administrative work at the Missions to Seamen and being a trustee of the Tanzania Society for the deaf.

REV’D CANON DAVID B. BARTLETT, MA (74) of the UMCA/USPG died on August 15 1998. In Tanzania from 1954-90 and 1995-97 he served in many capacities including Warden of the Theological College, Rondo; priest-in charge St Albans, Dar es Salaam; setting up a new parish of Muheza and building Muheza Designated District Hospital with his doctor wife, Marion: and, similar work at Kwa Mkono and, finally Zanzibar Cathedral. He was made Chancellor and Vicar-General of the Diocese of Zanzibar and Tanga in 1973. At his funeral the recently resigned Archbishop John Ramadhani was able to preach as he was in Britain for the Lambeth Conference.

KATE BERTRAM (86), the former President of Lucy Cavendish College Cambridge, who died recently, carried out pioneering research into the freshwater fish of East Africa starting in 1934. Among a series of scientific papers she wrote was ‘The Fisheries of Lake Rukwa’ (1939) a classic work on the fauna and ecology of the lake -Daily Telegraph.

GERVAS ISHENGOMA (70) a prominent figure in the co-operative movement in Kagera Region and former Commissioner for Cooperatives died on May 27.

Chief ADAM SAPI MKW A W A (79), described in the Daily News as ‘the country’s most decorated legislator, politician and leader’, died of high blood pressure on June 25. He was Speaker of the National Assembly from independence except for the period from 1973 to 1975, when he was appointed Minister of State for Capital Development. He was installed Chief of the Wahehe in 1975 and held this position until 1962, when the chiefdom was abolished. He was the first Hehe chief to have only one wife even though his religion allowed him to have more than one. Also known as Mtwa Mkwawa, Chief Adam Sapi was the first African to be made an honorary Captain of the King’s African Rifles. Mwalimu Nyerere and President Mkapa (who described the Chief as ‘clean, committed, dedicated, diligent and as having no enemies’) were among thousands who attended the elaborate funeral at Kalenga, 16 kms from lringa. As the body was being laid to rest, the Chiefs elder brother recited Hehe rituals heard only at the burial of chiefs. He said “Adam Sapi is not dead, according to Hehe traditions. He has just broken his leg and is now resting amongst his ancestors”. Chief Adam Sapi is succeeded by his third child (first son) who will be known as Mtwa Mfwimi (Hunter) Mkwawa II. The new Chief declared amidst cheers and ululations that he would strive to restore Hehe traditions and customs. At this remark people looked towards Mwalimu Nyerere, who was sitting in the audience and who had abolished chieftainships in Tanzania in the 1960’s, but, according to the Guardian, ‘he remained calm’ .

The famous blind master drummer MORRIS NYUNYUSA (81) who was born in Tunduru district and performed in many countries -on as many as ten drums at a time -died on May 9. He will be remembered amongst other things for his signature tune heralding the news bulletins on Radio Tanzania, Dar es Salaam -Daily News.

REV’D DAVID POWELL (88) served in a number of parishes in the Diocese of Masasi under the UMCA from 1946 to 1965. He was appointed in charge of music under Bishop Trevor Huddleston in order to introduce indigenous music into services.

FRANCIS JOHN RIDDELL who died on June 26 served as a District Officer mainly in the Central and Lake provinces and in Dar es Salaam from 1946 to 1967.

SYDNEY HERBERT CLAGUE-SMITH (87) died on November 20 last year. He was in Tanganyika from 1936 to 1962, first in teacher training at Usoke, Tabora Region and then at the Alliance Teacher Training Centre at Kinampanda, near Singida. He later became Education Secretary General for the non-Roman missions in Tanganyika stationed in Dar es Salaam. (Thank you Betty Wells for letting us have this information -Editor).

ARCHIE FORBES CBE (86) was the very dynamic Director of Agriculture and Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Natural Resources as Tanzania approached and achieved independence in the late fifties and early sixties. He first came to Tanganyika from Malawi in 1951 to deal with the problem at Nachingwea, where the groundnut scheme had just failed spectacularly. A large number of expatriates had to be sent home and it was necessary to develop a new system of agriculture. The main crop became soya beans rather than groundnuts; eventually it became a profitable crop. He later undertook a major reorganisation of agricultural research, dividing Tanganyika into four zones. He initiated several new programmes in fisheries, wildlife and agricultural education and extension. The massive agricultural training programme which he launched eventually had over 1,000 students studying outside the country. He raised, from the Rockefeller Foundation, the first $100,000 for the planning of a college in Morogoro which later became the Sokoine University. At the well attended memorial service in St Leonards Church, Bledington, Oxfordshire on February 27, his nephew Guy Francis described him thus: He was a workaholic, a perfectionist, a man of high principals, a visionary, courageous, stubborn, didn’t suffer fools gladly …. Some who worked with him considered him too dictatorial; others (including me -Editor) spent some of the most stimulating years of their lives serving under him. In his final years, though wracked with pain, he brought his energy to bear on the little village of Bledington. He became popularly known as its mayor!

DR. JENNIFER HIGHAM (62) who died of cancer on November 15 was a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Foreign Languages at Dar es Salaam University from 1976 to 1974 and a VSO volunteer teacher at the Institute of Foreign Languages in Zanzibar from 1986 to 1990. After this she was a tutor on several education courses for teachers from Tanzania in Edinburgh. Donations in her memory may be sent to the Provincial Overseas Mission, Scottish Episcopal Church, 21 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 5EE.

PROFESSOR HUBERT KAIRUKl (58) the Vice-Chancellor of the Mikocheni International University and formerly Consultant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Dar es Salaam died in February from liver cancer. Dr Kairuki was famed for the free services he provided for the poor, often performing operations all night long. One thousand people attended the funeral.

Father of the nation Mwalimu Nyerere’s physician, Prof. WILLIAM MAKENE (67) died while being treated in London on December 31. Parliamentary Speaker Pius Msekwa led a large contingent of government and opposition leaders at the funeral at Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam.

MURIEL PELHAM-JOHNSON, OBE (95) died on December 18. Latterly Assistant Director of Education (Women and Girls) ‘pr as she was commonly known, supervised the expansion of girl’s education in Tanganyika between 1939 and 1959. A formidable personality and an intrepid traveller she was a memorably outstanding figure in the pre­independence (Thank you Bill Dodd for this news -Editor)

SIR RICHARD TURNBULL GCMG (89), Tanganyika’s last Governor died on December 21. In 1958 the British Colonial Office decided that Governor Sir Edward Twining’s confrontational style of government was out of touch with the mood of constitutional advance then under way and Sir Richard became governor. He stayed on as Governor General of the newly independent state from 1961 to 1962 when it became a republic. Soon after his arrival in Dar es Salaam, Sir Richard, who was possessed with boundless energy, was seen cycling round Dar es Salaam at sunrise which began to endear him to the city’s inhabitants. He received orders to accelerate the process of independence. He recognised the strength of the local nationalist movement TANU and soon developed a sound personal relationship with Julius Nyerere so that Tanganyika’s transition from colonial dependency to the status of an independent state was, according to the London Times, a model of peaceful and orderly change. It was described in the Daily Telegraph as ‘smooth, swift and successful’. At the end of his time in Tanganyika he was cheered by a great crowd as he stood in full feathered regalia on the quarter deck of a naval frigate sailing slowly out of Dar es Salaam harbour. At the Service of Thanksgiving at Minchinhampton, where Mr Simon Mlay represented the Tanzanian Government, the Revd. Canon Michael Irving said that when Sir Richard spoke first to the senior civil servants at Government House he told them that he had come to see off the colonial power. He had a gift of gaining confidence on all sides on any given issue, gaining respect and trust though not necessarily always agreeing with everyone. Julius Nyerere once said “My most serious complaint against the British was that they never locked me up. A reasonable governor is a sufficiently rare phenomenon to unsettle even the most orthodox of nationalists!” When Sir Richard left Tanganyika he wrote: ‘Colonialism is going in Tanganyika, not because it is discredited but because its mission is completed. Colonialism is out of fashion these days and it’s natural that it should be ….. but it has indeed a splendid job to its credit and we could no more have done without it in our earlier days than we could have dispensed with the homely disciplines of our youth’ . Some years later Mwalimu Nyerere invited Sir Richard and his wife to return for a fortnights holiday with him in the company of Archbishop Huddleston and they toured again the country they knew and loved so well.

Amongst former administrative officers in Tanganyika who have died recently are BRIAN WINSTANLEY (77) who was DC Tukuyu (Rungwe) and died on March 12 in Melbourne, Australia, P J (Sam) HUMPHRIES OBE, who was the DC in Korogwe and Iringa and who died in New Zealand and G T L (Jock) SCOTT MC who has been described as the ‘genial and idiosyncratic’ DC in Mafia, Mwanza and Songea and who was a witness at the trial of Mwalimu Nyerere. (Thank you Nigel Durdant-Hollamby and Bill Dodd for letting us have this information -Editor).

Veteran journalist AIDAN CHECHE (64) died at Muheza on August 10 after a long illness. He was News Editor of Radio Tanzania at the time of independence and later worked for the BBC, Reuters and Radio Deutschewelle. In his final months he participated in translating the Bible into modem Swahili.

In January 1964 there was a mutiny among troops of the Tanganyika Defence Force at Colito Barracks, Dar es Salaam and the government called for help. Britain’s 45 Commando embarked in haste in the carrier Centour and 2 Troop, led by MAJOR DAVID SCOTT LANGLEY, who has died at the age of 74, flew ashore in Wessex helicopters. Using a loud-hailer, Langley called on the mutineers to surrender. When they refused a 3.5 inch rocket was fired over the closed gates to the guardroom. It hit an overhead wire and rebounded, narrowly missing Langley. The mutiny was quelled in less than two hours. Langley accepted surrender from a Tanzanian Lieutenant Colonel who had been one of his cadets at Aldershot. Langley received a C-in-C’s commendation. The commander of the operation, COLONEL PATRICK STEVENS, (76) also died in August 1998 -from the Times Obituaries.

MICHAEL WISE who died recently has been Reviews Editor of ‘Tanzanian Affairs’ (ably assisted by John Budge) for the last two years. His wife, Angela, has kindly sent us the following words: ‘Michael first went to Africa in 1957, to a post in the library of the Royal Technical College in Nairobi, later to become the University of Nairobi. He moved in January 1962 to a similar post at the new University of Dar es Salaam. This started off in a building in Lumumba Street and Michael was closely involved with the Chief Librarian in the planning and development of the new university library on Observation Hill. Seven happy and productive years followed, the later ones as Deputy Librarian. He made the most of every opportunity to see more of the country and its people, climbed to the crater of Kilimanjaro and formed enduring friendships. Links with Africa and Tanzania were not broken when he moved to a post in Wales in 1969. Many Tanzanian students were entertained at his home near Aberystwyth; he drew on Tanzanian contacts for contributions to the books and journals he edited on international librarianship; and this year it gave him great pleasure to meet again many old Tanzanian friends on a return visit to Dar es Salaam.

GUY YEOMAN (78), described in the Times as ‘veterinary surgeon and explorer’, died on August 3, having developed a lifelong passion for the sources of the Nile and the people of the Rwenzori mountain ranges. He had become fluent in Swahili while recruiting troops for the war in Burma in 1942 and was devastated when the troopship Khedive Ismail was sunk while on passage from Mombasa to Ceylon on February 12, 1944 with the loss of 1,511 lives, almost all African troops of his own regiment. His work on the cattle disease East Coast Fever in Tanzania was the basis of the thesis which won him his fellowship of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. His book The Ioxid Ticks of Tanzania (jointly written with Jane Walker) was published in 1967 and his successful disease control schemes are still largely in place in Tanzania.

Nigel Durdant Hollamby has informed us of the recent deaths of DENIS THORNE MABEY BENNETT (73) who was DC Kilwa when he retired in 1961, ARTHUR PHILIP HUGH LOUSADA (81), who was DC in Kwimba and Bagamoyo and ERIC LOVELOCK (81) who achieved a reputation as a rainmaker in Tanganyika and retired from the Colonial Service to begin a teaching career in Britain.

President Mkapa and Mwalimu Nyerere were among those who attended a mass at St Alban’s Anglican Church in Dar es Salaam on May 16 for the late Archbishop Trevor Huddleston KCMG (84), President of the Britain-Tanzania Society and former Bishop of Masasi who died on April 20. In his letter of condolences President Mkapa said that the people of Tanzania remembered Rev. Huddleston with particular fondness and gratitude for the tremendous pastoral and development work he did in southern Tanzania in the early ’60’s. A memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on July 29.

Rev Huddleston went to Masasi in 1960 and stayed until 1968. In its obituary the ‘Times’ said that the years which followed were as happy as any in his life; he was able to establish many new facilities – a hospital and a teachers training college were two examples.

THE RIGHT REVEREND EDMUND CAPPER OBE (89) spent 25 years in Tanganyika serving as Bishop of Masasi. From 1958 to 1962 he was Provost of the Collegiate Church of St Albans in Dar es Salaam. He confirmed an old man who remembered Livingstone pass by on his last journey of exploration, shortly before he was found dead at Chitambo. In the absence of clergy many village churches were run by African lay catechists. At one such church Stradling announced that he would sing Evensong, and that the catechist was to read the lessons. Just as the service was starting the catechist said in an agitated whisper. “Whatever shall I do? A goat has eaten the first lesson” (Thank you Randal Sadlier and Paul Marchant for sending this information from the Times and the Daily Telegraph – Editor)

JULIA CARTER died on January lst. She and husband Roger, who were married for 57 years, spent five of those years in Tanzania and when they returned to Britain they started the Britain-Tanzania Society. Julia served as Trustee of the society’s Development Trust. The March 27th issue of ‘The Friend’ described her as a deeply caring person with a natural ability to stand alongside others, to share their pleasures and achievements and to understand their problems and anxieties. She worked for a time in family planning in Tanzania and a former Tanzanian High Commissioner wrote ‘we have always regarded Julia as part of us’. A large number of members of the Society, including representatives from the High Commission, were among the 180 friends present to celebrate her life at a memorial meeting held in Settle on January 14th.

The April issue of the journal ‘White Fathers-White Sisters’ contained two obituaries. FATHER ARNOLD GROL (74) who, during a long period of missionary work in Tanzania supervised the construction of the Sumbawanga Cathedral, has died of a heart attack; SISTER MARGARET TANSEY (83) who died on December 18 served for 30 years in Tanzania including a period when she ran the student’s hostel at Kipalapala (Thank you John Sankey for this information -Editor).

RICHARD A JOSSAUME FIAGE was an agricultural engineer much involved in the Groundnut Scheme in Tanzania in the late 1940’s. He kept careful records of his experiences and his son Chris has donated his collection of slides, photos, cine films and books to the Institute of Agricultural Engineers – they are held at the Cranfield University (Silsoe College) Library.

MRS CHRISTINA MUGAYA BURITO NYERERE, the mother of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, has died at the age of 104. Mwalimu has been quoted as saying that even on his 75th birthday she still treated him as her child.

EMIL SENGATI (70) who died after a long illness on March 8, was a long time civil servant and was the first African to hold the post of Town Clerk before independence.

BISHOP MAURICE SOSELEJE (80) of Masasi Anglican diocese, one of the first Tanzanian church leaders, died on January 10.

(Apologies for the error in the last issue. Dr Joseph Taylor OBE FRCS was mistakenly referred to as Dr David Taylor -Editor).

DR. ENNIFER HIGHAM (62) died of cancer on November 15. She was a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Foreign Languages at the University of Dar es Salaam from 1976 to 1984 and for the following four years served as a VS0 volunteer at the Foreign Languages Institute in Zanzibar. She was a tutor on several education courses for teachers from Tanzania. Donations in her memory may be sent to the Provincial Overseas Mission, Scottish Episcopal Church, 21 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh EH12 5EE.

DR. ZEBEDAYO MPOGOLO (50) Director of Operations and Financial Services of the Capital Market and Securities Authority (CMSA) who had been in the forefront in preparations for the establishment of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, died on September 30.

LAWRENCE, CARDINAL RUGAMBWA died on December 8. At a Pontifical Requiem Mass in St. Joseph’s Cathedral it was said that he would be remembered for his humility and his tireless efforts to promote Christian unity.

GOSBERT RUTABANZIBWA, who died on November 21, was one of the first Africans to hold a senior post in the Tanganyika Government after independence, when he succeeded Ronald Neath as Chief of Protocol. He was a man of great ability and charm and later served as Tanzania’s High Commissioner in India and Canada and as Ambassador to the USA. He retired to his farm near Bukoba where he lived a life of simplicity. Not for him the ostentatious display of people who have used office to acquire great wealth. One of his sons, Patrick, is the Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Energy and Minerals. A daughter, Hilda, is a Borough Architect in Hackney – Trevor Jaggar.

SOLOMAN OLE SAIBUL (62) former Minister for Tourism and Natural Resources died of prostate cancer on October 30. He had been earlier the first African Chief Conservator of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. Thousands of people attended his funeral at Lemara village near Arusha.

SIR JOHN SIJMMERFIELD (76) started his career as a crown counsel. Amongst the cases he prosecuted in the 1950’s were the so-called ‘lion murders’ in Iringa and Mbeya in which the killers had been snatched as children by witch doctors who had then coached them to carry out murders while dressed in lion skins. Later, in Dar es Salaam, Summerfield successfully prosecuted Julius Nyerere for libelling a district officer. Years later they met unexpectedly in London; Nyerere greeted him like a long lost brother.

DR DAVID TAYLOR OBE FRCS who died on November 21 became well known in Tanzania (and other countries) as an eye surgeon. He first went there in 1953 as the Officer In Charge of the Berega Hospital in Morogoro Region and was from 1957 to 1970 the Medical Superintendent at the Mvumi Hospital, Dodoma. He was also involved in the development of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi – Mary Punt.

MOHAMED VIRANI (68) has died in Dar es Salaam of kidney failure. He was a prominent businessman, a top motor rally driver and a key sponsor of the Young Africans (Yanga) Soccer Club – East African